How Technology Has Solve All The Problems Of Today And...

As nature deteriorates on several fronts, ranging from ozone depletion to water contamination, scientists and politicians grow more desperate to stall and ultimately reverse the damage to the environment. Technology quickly comes to mind as the most viable option, having been responsible for great strides in fields such as computer science and medicine. Humanity is fascinated by the question: â€Å"if science can cure disease, why not use it to regulate the environment?† Questions like this gave way to â€Å"techno-optimism,† the belief that technology can solve all the problems of today and tomorrow. However, techno-optimism is a flawed philosophy that mistakes technology for an environmental cure-all. While the pursuit of ecological sustainability requires the use technology, the theory grossly exaggerates the power of this relationship. It is imperative that techno-optimism be dispelled and replaced with a new, more realistic ideology. Far superior is the notion of t echno-realism, which seeks to find the most efficient, most realistic solutions possible while considering all limiting factors in a particular situation. However, at this time, it is more important to promote techno-realism as a philosophy than to describe specific techno-realistic solutions to environmental and social concerns. Embracing techno-realism is the first step in learning that technology, while necessary to protect the environment, is not a panacea in its own right. The fundamental difference betweenShow MoreRelatedClassrooms Must Access the Internet Essay1241 Words   |  5 Pagesinterested in investing in the technology of tomorrow. Computer classes have been created along with typing courses to aid students in every way possible in preparing them for the world of tomorrow. Not knowing how to use a computer will be like not knowing how to drive a car. There are ways of getting around the absence of a computer, but most of society will depend on them. The use of computers makes numerous tasks easier and quicker to accomplish. One advantage all children should have in the writingRead MoreWhat Is Wrong With Technology?1573 Words   |  7 PagesGuomin Zou Prof. Coleman Sociology 001 Mar. 3, 2015 What Is Wrong with Technology? â€Å"Up to 90% of young adults in major East Asian countries, including China, Taiwan, Japan, Singapore and South Korea, are nearsighted† (Park par. 3). The main reason that causes this phenomenon is that the East Asian students are overusing technology such as smart phones, Ipads, and computers. These technologies devices are the friends that they spend most time with. Playing video games and watching TV for overRead MoreThe Educational Evolution Of Education Essay1006 Words   |  5 PagesAs a futurist, reflecting on the erstwhile memories and understanding the realities of the present, to me are my tools to shape up the future. Education over the years has gone a notch higher and eminent in our present world. The educational evolution dating from 50 years back in time up till now, has impacted the strength we possess as a nation, a continent and the world at large. Backtracking the evolution to 50 years ago dates back to the 1960’s. Education at that period in time was tough andRead MoreArtificial Intelligence Essay658 Words   |  3 Pagesbeen programmed to solve many difficult problems, but the products that are available today are only a sample of what is coming in the future. AI has an interesting history and has always been on the pioneering end of computer science. In order to classify machines as thinking, it is necessary to explain intelligence. What is intelligence exactly? How do you get intelligent? All these questions are still unanswered and all of them have helped to create both problems and solutions thatRead MoreTechnology Can Increase Academic Sucess Essay1101 Words   |  5 PagesTechnology is defined as the use of science in industry, engineering, etc., to invent useful things or to solve problems (Merriam-Websters Dictionary, 2011). It seems that no matter where you turn there is some sort of technology that you have to deal with on a daily basis because as a society we have become reliant on technology to help us do the simplest of tasks. This is not a bad thing when you put technology to good use such as by implementing it into school curriculums properly in order toRead MoreHumor And Science Fiction By Kurt Vonnegut1298 Words   |  6 PagesKurt Vonnegut was a very popular American writer. He wrote novels and short-stories filled with humor and science-fiction. 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Technology should be integrated in today s classroom because it willRead MoreEssay Case 21675 Words   |  7 Pagesis to re-position itself in a new market. Which is the Chinese luxury market. How does a powerful company like BMW get ahead start in this un-tapped market with so much potential for growth? Leading to more global exposure and also more revenues. (JEREMIAS CUADRA) Q1. There is often a natural tendency to assume that in collectivist cultures such that in China, luxury products would not be popular. a. Explain how luxury products such as the BMW automobile might fulfill needs even within theRead MoreCompetitive Environment And Position Analysis Essay1374 Words   |  6 PagesLEGO to play in? How should LEGO position and play in the digital space? know that a firm needs valuable, rare, difficulty-to-imitate, difficult-to-replicate resources to gain competitive advantages. Which resources of LEGO are likely to satisfy these criteria and serve as a source of competitive advantage vis-à  -vis the rivals in the new digital positions? If LEGO lacks such resources, should it continue playing in the digital positions or focus on just the physical positions? How attractive are theRead MoreShort Essay On Tay AI1375 Words   |  6 PagesIn march of 2016 there was a program that microsoft introduced to the world called Tay AI. It was a program created to illustrate how a teenage girl behaves, when introduced to the negative sides of history, she began making comments on her opinions of the matter, all of them seemed to support the Nazi party’s ideologies, this shows how with a bit of influence, even the most innocent of things can become, corrupted. The cold feeling of the rubber cord along the surface of my hand only added to

The Secret Circle The Captive Chapter Fourteen Free Essays

string(28) " from a disdainful Melanie\." There was silence under the silver disk of moon. â€Å"Cassie,† Melanie said again. Now everyone was looking at her. We will write a custom essay sample on The Secret Circle: The Captive Chapter Fourteen or any similar topic only for you Order Now Cassie could feel the heat of Faye’s golden eyes on her, and she knew why Sean had squirmed. They were hotter than the pillar of fire Diana had summoned up to protect them at Halloween. As if compelled, Cassie glanced the other way. Diana was looking at her too. Diana’s eyes were like a pool adrift with green leaves. Cassie couldn’t seem to look away from them. â€Å"Cassie?† Melanie said for the third time. Her voice was tinged with the slightest note of doubt. Still unable to look away from Diana’s eyes, Cassie whispered, â€Å"Faye.† â€Å"What? â€Å"cried Laurel. â€Å"Faye,† Cassie said, too loudly. She was clutching the piece of hematite in her pocket. Coldness from it seemed to seep through her body. â€Å"I said Faye, all right?† she said to Melanie, but she was still looking at Diana. Those clear green eyes were bewildered. Then, all at once, understanding came into them, as if a stone had been tossed into the tranquil pool. And when Cassie saw that, saw Diana really understand what had just happened, something inside her died forever. Cassie didn’t know any longer why she was voting for Faye. She couldn’t remember now how all this had started, how she’d gotten on this path in the first place. All she knew was that the coldness from her hand and arm was trickling through her entire body, and that from here on, there was no turning back. Melanie was sitting motionless, stunned, not touching the pile of red and white stones. She seemed to have forgotten about them. It was Deborah who leaned forward and picked up the sixth red stone, adding it to Faye’s pile. And somehow that act, and the sight of the six red stones beside the five white ones, made it real. Electricity crackled in the air as everyone sat forward. Slowly, Melanie said, â€Å"Faye is the new leader of the coven.† Faye stood up. She had never seemed so tall before, or so beautiful. Silently, she held out a hand to Diana. But it wasn’t a gesture of friendship. Faye’s open hand with the long crimson nails was demanding. And in response to it, very slowly, Diana got to her feet as well. She unclasped the silver bracelet from her upper arm. Adam had been staring, thunderstruck. Now he jumped to his feet. â€Å"Wait a minute-â€Å" â€Å"It’s no use, Adam,† Melanie said, in a deadened voice. â€Å"The vote was fair. Nothing can change it now.† Faye took the silver bracelet with the mysterious, runic inscriptions, and clasped it about her own bare, rounded arm. It shone there against the honey-pale skin. Diana’s fingers trembled as she undid the garter. Laurel, muttering something and brushing tears out of her eyes with an angry gesture, moved forward to help her, kneeling before Diana and tugging at the circle of green leather and blue silk. It came free and Laurel stood up, looking as if she wanted to throw it at Faye. But Diana took it and placed it in Faye’s hand. Faye was wearing the shimmering black shift that she’d worn to the Halloween dance, the one slit up both sides to the hip. She buckled the garter around her left thigh. Then Diana put both hands to her hair and lifted off the diadem. Fine strands of hair the color of sunlight and moonlight woven together clung to the silver crown as she removed it. Faye reached out and almost snatched it from her. Faye held the circlet up high, as if showing it to the coven, to the four elements, to the world. Then she settled it on her own head. The crescent moon in its center gleamed against her wild black mane of hair. There was a collective release of breath from the Circle. Cassie didn’t know how she’d gotten to her feet, but suddenly she was running. She bolted out of the circle and ran beside the ocean, her feet sinking into wet sand. She ran until something caught her from behind and stopped her. â€Å"Cassie!† Adam said. His eyes looked straight into hers, as if he was searching for her soul. Cassie hit out at him. â€Å"Cassie, I know you didn’t want to do it! She made you, somehow, didn’t she? Cassie, tell me!† Cassie tried to shake him off again. Why was he bothering her? She was furious, suddenly, with Adam and Diana and their everlasting faith in her. â€Å"I know she made you,† Adam said forcefully. â€Å"Nobody made me!† Cassie almost shouted. Then she stopped fighting him and they stood and stared at each other, both breathing hard. â€Å"You’d better get back there,† Cassie said. â€Å"We’re not supposed to be alone-remember? Remember our oath? Not that I guess you need to think about it much anymore. It’s pretty easy to keep these days, isn’t it?† â€Å"Cassie, what’s going on?† â€Å"Nothing is going on! Just go, Adam. Just-† Before Cassie could stop herself she had grabbed Adam’s arms and pulled him forward. And then she kissed him. It was a hard, angry kiss, and the next moment when she released him she was as stunned as he was. They stared at each other speechlessly. â€Å"Go back,† Cassie said, hardly able to hear her own voice through the pounding in her ears. It was over, it was all over. She was so cold†¦ not just her skin, but inside her, deep in her core, she was freezing. Freezing over like black ice. Everything was black around her. She pushed Adam away and made for the distant glow of the bonfire. â€Å"Cassie!† â€Å"I’m going back. To congratulate our new leader.† It was chaos back at the circle. Laurel was crying, Deborah was shouting, Chris and Doug were glaring like a couple of tomcats about to fight and calling each other names. Sean was hovering behind Faye to keep his distance from a disdainful Melanie. You read "The Secret Circle: The Captive Chapter Fourteen" in category "Essay examples" Suzan was telling Chris and Doug to grow up, while Faye laughed. Of all of them, only Nick and Diana were utterly still. Nick was smoking silently, away from the rest of the group, watching them with narrowed eyes. Diana was just standing there, exactly where she’d been when Cassie left. She didn’t seem to see or hear any of the disturbance around her. â€Å"Will you all just shut up?† Deborah was yelling when Cassie reached them. â€Å"Faye’s the one in charge now.† â€Å"That’s right,† Suzan said. Chris and Doug were shoving each other now. Suzan saw Cassie and said appealingly, â€Å"Isn’t that right, Cassie?* It was strange, how quickly the silence descended. Everyone was looking at Cassie again. â€Å"That’s right,† Cassie said, in a voice hard as stone. Chris and Doug stopped shoving. Laurel stopped crying. No one moved as Cassie walked over behind Faye. From that position she might have been supporting Faye-or she might have been about to stab her in the back. If Faye was afraid, she didn’t show it. â€Å"Okay,† she said to the others. â€Å"You heard it. I’m leader. And now I’m going to give my first order.† She turned her head slightly to address Cassie. â€Å"I want you to get the skull. As for the rest of you-we’re going to the cemetery.† â€Å"What?† Laurel screamed. â€Å"I’m leader and I’m going to do something with my power instead of just sitting on it. There’s energy trapped in that skull, energy that we can use. Cassie, go get it.† Everyone was talking now, arguing, bellowing at each other. Things had never been like this when Diana was leader. Adam was yelling at Faye, demanding to know if she had gone crazy. Only Nick and Diana remained still, Nick watching, Diana staring at something only she could see. Melanie was trying to restore calm, but it was doing no good. Some distant, clinical part of Cassie’s mind noted that if Diana were to interfere now, if Diana would come forward and take over, the coven would listen to her. But Diana did nothing. And the shouting just got louder. â€Å"Get it, Cassie,† Faye was snarling between clenched teeth. â€Å"Or I’ll get it myself.† Cassie could feel Power building around her. The sky overhead was stretched tight as a drum, tight as a harp string waiting to be plucked. The ocean behind her throbbed with pent-up force. She could feel it in the sand under her feet, and see it in the leaping flames of the bonfire. She remembered what she’d done to the Doberman in the pumpkin patch. Some power had burst out from her, focused like a laser beam. Cassie felt as if something like that was concentrating in her now. She was connected to everything and it was all waiting for her to unleash it. â€Å"Black John will let us have his power-he’ll give it to us if we just ask the right way,† Faye was shouting. â€Å"I know, I’ve communicated with him. But we have to go and ask him.† Communicated with him-when? Cassie thought. When she, Cassie, had let Faye take the skull the first time? Or at some point later? â€Å"But why the cemetery?† Melanie was crying. â€Å"Why there?† â€Å"Because that’s what he says† Faye snapped back impatiently. â€Å"Cassie, for the last time! Get the skull!† The elements were ranged behind her†¦ Cassie stared at the back of Faye’s neck. But then she remembered something. The look in Diana’s eyes when Cassie had voted against her†¦ oh, what good would it do to kill Faye now? Everything was over. Cassie spun around and headed for the place where the skull was buried. â€Å"How does she even know–?† Melanie was beginning, and Faye’s laughter cut her off. So that was over, too, the secret about Cassie stealing the skull was out. Diana hadn’t told anyone exactly where the skull was buried, not even Adam. Cassie ran so she wouldn’t have to hear more. She dug in the center of the blackened stones until her fingernails scraped the cloth that wrapped the skull. Then she dug around it and pulled it out of the sand, surprised, as always, by how heavy it was. Cassie staggered as she picked the skull up and started back to Faye. Deborah ran to meet her. â€Å"This way,† she said, diverting Cassie before she could reach the group. â€Å"Come on!† They climbed the bluff and Cassie saw Deborah’s motorcycle. â€Å"Faye planned this,† Cassie said. She looked at Deborah, her voice rising slightly. â€Å"Faye had this planned!† â€Å"Yeah. So what?† Deborah looked perplexed; a good lieutenant used to taking orders from her superior. What did Cassie care if Faye had it planned? â€Å"She figured she would have a hard time getting all the others to come, but she wanted to make sure we got there,† Deborah explained. â€Å"I don’t see how she’s going to get any of the others to come,† Cassie said, looking down at the group below. But a strange madness seemed to have taken hold of some of them; whatever Faye was saying was whipping them into a frenzy. Suzan was heading for the bluff, and Doug was half dragging Chris. Faye was pushing Sean. â€Å"That’s seven; Faye said that’s all we need,† Deborah said, turning from the bluff. â€Å"Come on!† This motorcycle ride was like the last, in that the speed was as great, the moon even brighter. But this time Cassie wasn’t afraid, even though she could only hold on to Deborah with one arm. The other was hugging the skull to her lap. They reached the cemetery and a minute later heard engines. The Samurai was arriving with Chris and Doug and Suzan. Behind it was Faye’s Corvette. Faye got out of the driver’s side and Sean tumbled out of the passenger door. â€Å"Follow me,† Faye said. Long hair switching behind her, she made for the northeast corner. With every step she took, her bare, shapely legs flashed pale, showing the garter on her thigh and a black-handled dagger tucked in the garter. When the ground began to rise, she stopped. Cassie stopped, too, clutching the skull to her chest with both arms, frighteningly aware of where they were standing. In a row here, broken only by a mound in the earth, were the graves of Faye’s father, Sean’s mother, and all the other dead parents from Crowhaven Road. Sean was sniveling now, and only Deborah’s grip on him was keeping him from running away. Faye turned to face them. Even in the worst of times, the tall, dramatically beautiful girl had a natural authority, an ability to intimidate people. Now that seemed enhanced by the symbols of the Queen of the Witches: the diadem, the bracelet, the garter. An aura of power and glamour surrounded her. â€Å"It’s time,† Faye said, â€Å"to take back the energy that belonged to the original coven, and that Black John stored in the skull. Black John wants us to have that power, to use against our enemies. And we can get it back-now.† Taking the black-handled dagger out of her garter, Faye unsheathed it and drew a quick, imperfect circle in the dried-up grass. â€Å"Get in,† she said, and the others took their places. She’s got them moving so fast they’re not thinking about what they’re doing, Cassie thought. No one questioned Faye; everyone seemed caught up in the driving urgency Faye was creating. Even Sean had stopped whining and was staring, rapt. And Faye made a stunning sight as she held the knife up and rapidly called on the elements for protection. Too fast, Cassie was thinking- such slight protection when all their efforts on Halloween hadn’t been enough. But she couldn’t speak either; they were all caught on a roller-coaster ride and nobody could stop it. Least of all Cassie, who was so numb and cold†¦ â€Å"Put the skull in the center, Cassie,† Faye said. Her voice was breathless and her chest was rising and falling quickly. She looked more excited than she had ever looked about Jeffrey, or Nick, or that guy from the pizza place she’d taken upstairs. Cassie knelt and placed the cloth-wrapped thing in the middle of Faye’s flawed circle. â€Å"And now,† Faye said, in that queer, exultant voice, staring down at the sandy lump between her feet, â€Å"we can reclaim the power that should have been ours all along. I call on all the elements to witness-â€Å" â€Å"Faye, stop!† Adam shouted, appearing running between the gravestones. The rest of the coven was behind him, including Diana, who still looked as if she were moving in her sleep. Even Nick, silent and watchful as always, was in the rear. Faye snatched up the covered skull and held it cradled in her two hands. â€Å"You had your chance,† she said. â€Å"Now it’s my turn.† â€Å"Faye, just stop a minute and think,† Adam said. â€Å"Black John isn’t your friend. If he’s really communicated with you, whatever he’s told you is lies-â€Å" â€Å"You’re the liar!† Faye shot back. â€Å"Chris, Doug-that skull killed Kori. If you let that dark energy loose again-â€Å" â€Å"Don’t listen to him!† Faye shouted. She looked like some barbarian queen as she stood there, long legs apart, silver glinting against the black of her shift and the darker black of her hair. Cassie realized that while Adam was talking to her, Laurel and Melanie were circling, one on either side. Faye realized it, too. â€Å"I won’t let you stop me! This is the beginning of a new Circle!† â€Å"Please, Faye-† Diana cried, desperately, seeming to wake up at last. â€Å"By Earth, by Air, by Fire, by Water!† Faye shouted, and she jerked the cloth off the skull and held it in both hands over her head. Silver. The full moon shone down on the crystal and seemed to blaze there, and it was as if another face were suspended above Faye’s; a livid, unnatural, skeletal face. And then- darkness began to pour forth from it. Something blacker than the sky between the stars was streaming out of the skull’s eyesockets, out of its gaping nose-hole and between its grinning teeth. Snakes, thought Cassie, staring hypnotized at what was happening. Snakes and worms and the old kind of dragons, the kind whose heavy scales scrape the ground and who spit poison when they breathe. Everything bad, everything black, everything loathsome and crawling and evil seemed to be flooding out of that skull, although none of it was real. It was only darkness, only black light. There was a sound like the humming of bees, only higher, more deadly. It was growing. Faye was standing under that dreadful cascade of darkness, and the sound was like two ice picks driving into Cassie’s ears, and somewhere a dog was barking†¦ Someone has to stop this, Cassie realized. No-I have to stop this. Now. She was getting to her feet when the skull exploded. Everything was quiet and dark. Cassie wanted it to stay that way. Somebody groaned beside her. Cassie sat up slowly, looking around, trying to piece together what had happened. The cemetery looked like a killing field. Bodies were strewn all over. There was Adam, stretched out with one arm reaching toward the circle and Raj beside him. There was Diana with her shining hair in the leaves and dirt. There was Nick, getting to his hands and knees, shaking his head. Faye was lying in a pool of black silk, her dark hair covering her face. Her hands with their long red nails were cupped, open-but empty. There was no sign of the skull. Someone groaned again, and Cassie looked to see Deborah sitting up, rubbing her face with one hand. â€Å"Are they dead?† Deborah said hoarsely, staring around. â€Å"I don’t know,† Cassie whispered. Her own throat hurt. All those bodies, and the only movement was the fluttering of Diana’s hair in the wind. And Nick, who was stumbling toward the circle. But then there was a stirring-people were starting to sit up. Sean was whimpering. Suzan was, too. Deborah crawled over to Faye and pushed Faye’s hair back. â€Å"She’s breathing.† Cassie nodded; she didn’t know what to say. Adam was bending over Diana-she looked quickly away from that. Melanie and Laurel were up, and so were Chris and Doug, looking like punch-drunk fighters. Everyone seemed to be alive. Then Cassie saw Laurel gasp and point. â€Å"Oh, my God. The mound. Look at the mound.† Cassie turned-and froze. Her eyes went back and forth over the scene without believing it. The mound her grandmother had told her was for storing artillery was broken open. The rusty padlock was gone, and the iron door was jammed against the piece of concrete. But that wasn’t all. The top of the mound, where the sparse cemetery grass had grown, was cracked like an overripe plum. Like the cocoon of an insect that had burst free. And all up and down the line of graves by the fence, tombstones were tilting crazily. The ones nearest the mound, the ones with the names of the parents of Crowhaven Road, were split and shattered. Riven, Cassie thought, the old-fashioned word coming from nowhere, singularly appropriate. Something from inside the mound smelled bad. â€Å"I’ve got to see,† Deborah muttered. Cassie had never admired anyone so much as she did Deborah just then, making her staggering way toward the open mound. Deborah had more physical courage than anyone Cassie had ever known. Dizzily, Cassie got up and lurched beside her, and they both fell to their knees at the edge of the evil-smelling fissure. The moon shining inside showed that it was empty. But there was a coating like slime on the raw earth down there. Then light and motion caught Cassie’s eye. It was in the sky, the sky to the northeast. It was something like the aurora borealis, except that it flickered intermittently, and it was entirely red. â€Å"That’s above Crowhaven Road,† Nick said. â€Å"Oh, God, what’s happening?† Laurel cried. â€Å"Looks like fire,† Deborah muttered, still hoarse. â€Å"Whatever it is, we’d better get there,† Nick said. Adam was holding Diana, trying to revive her. Suzan and Sean were huddled, and Chris and Doug still looked punchy. But Melanie and Laurel were on their feet, if shaken. â€Å"Nick’s right,† Melanie said. â€Å"Let Adam take care of things here. Something’s happening.† Cassie glanced at Faye, her fallen leader, lying on the ground. Then she turned and followed Melanie without a word. It didn’t matter that the five who started unsteadily toward the road had just recently been on opposite sides of a fight. There was no time to think about anything that petty now. Cassie got on the back of Deborah’s motorcycle, and Melanie and Laurel jumped into Nick’s car. The others would have to follow when they could-and if they wanted to. Wind roared in Cassie’s ears like the sound of the sea. But the feeling of power she’d had earlier, the connection with the elements, was broken. She couldn’t think-her mind was fuzzy and cloudy as if she had a bad cold. All she knew was that she had to get to Crowhaven Road. â€Å"It’s not fire,† Deborah shouted as they approached. â€Å"No smoke.† Dark houses flew by-Diana’s, Deborah’s. The empty Georgian at Number Three. Melanie’s, Laurel’s, Faye’s. The vacant Victorian. The Hendersons’, Adam’s, Suzan’s, Sean’s†¦ â€Å"It’s at your house, Cassie,† Deborah shouted. Yes. Cassie knew it would be. Something inside her had known even before they started out. A maple tree showed up like a black skeleton against the red light that engulfed the house at Number Twelve. But the red wasn’t fire. It was some witch-light, a crimson aura of evil. Cassie remembered how much she had hated this house when she’d first seen it. She’d hated it for being huge and ugly, with its peeling gray clapboards and its sagging eaves and unwashed windows. But now she cared about it. It was her family’s ancient home; it belonged to her. And more important than anything, her mother and grandmother were inside. How to cite The Secret Circle: The Captive Chapter Fourteen, Essay examples

None Provided13 Essay Example For Students

None Provided13 Essay There was once a time in the United States when people had little fear. Neighborhoods were free of crime and hate. It was a time when words were spoken and trusted. AIDS was not an issue to worry about. The rap artist, Trick Daddy in his song, Back in the days approaches many issues in todays world. These issues are crime, AIDS, and pacts among friends. Over the years many things have changed between friends, like the pacts friends used to make. There used to be a time when pacts meant everything. People could trust their friend with any kind of problem they may have. Secrets were promises that friends would never break. And when the heat is on and they cant hang, writes Trick Daddy, theyll give them yo name. Trick Daddy is saying that back in the days people couldnt pay a woman or man to snitch. We live in a society where friendships are not valued up to the highest degree anymore. A friend will tell secrets and break promises. The point that Trick is trying to get across is that people do not care about anyone but themselves. Another issue that Trick Daddy addresses is crime. Although crime has been going on for years, statistics show crime rates has decreased over the years. In Georgia The statistics for the total crime is 100%, personal crime is 100%, murder is 100%, Assault is 94%, rape is 100%, Burglary 177%, Larceny 120%, motor vehicle theft 117%. For years crime have continue to haunt our nation. Crime in America is the cause of a large number of deaths. In most of Trick Daddy lyrics he talk about killings that are going on. I think it is very sad to know crime will always be an issue in our society. Back in the days, it wasnt no AKs, Trick tells. Trick talks about AKs because they are one of the most highly developed kind of firearms. The AK-47 is one type of the AK gun. This type was developed around 1974 and the shooting range is 1,350m. With the development of guns like AK-47 it is a dangerous weapon. And Im thinkin bout when the time I was ten, Trick Daddy says the worst thing I remember seein g was a boy get his head bashed in. This goes back with the development of guns like AKs because Trick tells how people are getting their heads shot off instead of bashed in. Trick uses his lyrics to show people the changes that are occurring in the world today. Finally, the most important issue that Trick Daddy addresses is AIDS. Since the first case of Aids surfaced in 1981, the disease has rapidly spread, killing more than 400,000 people in the United States. This devastating epidemic has changed the lives of friends, families, and lovers. Trick speaks on this issue as something that has caused great pain. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) weakens the natural defenses and makes the body vulnerable to deadly diseases and infections. It is the hardest disease to receive it is not spread by casual contact. You can get HIV through sexual intercourse, sharing needles, and Blood. Yo need to be safe because the world is a deadly place Trick Daddy is trying to warn us of the dangers in our world. More than 688,000 Americans have been diagnosed with AIDS and about 400,000 have died. Recent statistics show that about 80% of all AIDS cases have been men. The virus weakens the immune system. By doing this it allows the infection to come in. The virus attaches itself to and destroys white blood cells. HIV continues to deplete the T cells while your body becomes susceptible to an array of infections and different types of diseases. There is no cure for HIV diseases thats why its extremely important to protect ourselves. Many steps can be taking towards living a healthy life. Some of those steps are abstinence, and using condoms. Some other things you might want to consider are not having a large number of sexual partners, not to make casual contact with other people blood, get tested often if you are having sex, and never share needles. AIDS are a serious problem in our society. We should always be cautious of our surrounding because nothing can help us once you get AIDS. We must look forward to our future in order to do that we must take necessary actiBibliography:

Order and Disorder in the Visual Images in Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet Essay Sample free essay sample

Compared to the first act prologues of the other Shakespeare plays wherein the witness is invited to utilize his rational capacities in order to derive understanding [Henry V.Henry VIII.andTroilus and Cressida] .Romeo and Juliet’s prologue invites the witness to use his vision in order to counterbalance for anything that may evade hearing ( Black 245 ) . The rightness of this invitation is apparent. if one considers thatRomeo and Julietis a ocular drama. The narrative every bit good as the calamity is presented to the witness in a series of images and duologues that presents changing grades of the â€Å"star-crossed lover’s†¦fearful passage† towards a â€Å"death-marked love† ( Shakespeare 7 ) . The drama enables the intensification of emotions through the uninterrupted allusion and presentation of reduplicated images and scenes that mimic earlier scenes within the drama. The differences between the scenes. nevertheless. are apparent in the change of the speaker’s tone ensuing from the change of the state of affairs wherein the vocalization was made. We will write a custom essay sample on Order and Disorder in the Visual Images in Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Such an change. nevertheless. does non simply show the change [ in footings of strength ] of the state of affairss within the drama but they besides mirror the general order and upset evident within Shakespeare’sRomeo and Juliet.This is apparent. if one considers the initial every bit good as the concluding scene wherein Romeo and Juliet were together. It is of import to observe that from the really get downing. the antithetical relationships evident within the play have already been foretold in the prologue as the chorus mentions the â€Å"death-marked† love of the â€Å"star-crossed† lovers and their â€Å"parents’ discord ( and ) †¦rage† . These resistances were subsequently reinforced as act one specifies the antithetical conditions that surround the relationship. Hence. the witness is introduced to the Montague and Capulet feud. This peculiar status between the two households itself will function as the foundational cause of the contrasts that will subsequently result in the play. Such contrasts are apparent in the contrasting subjects of love and hatred. young person and age. every bit good as life and decease in the remainder of the play. As I reckon. such a method of reciting the narrative was utilized by Shakespeare in order to show an history of additive clip [ calendrical and clockwise ] . The usage of calendrical and clock mention set the clip of action as absolute and therefore impersonal and nonsubjective. Such a construct of clip thereby enabled Shakespeare to show an nonsubjective history of events that tend to convey forth extremely affectional and nonsubjective responses from the witness. Furthermore. such a device enables the playwright to hold complete control over the allusions that may be derived from puting a peculiar scene within a peculiar clip. See for illustration. the first meeting of Romeo and Juliet. Set within the Capulet’s sign of the zodiac. the initial meeting of the two was set during the dark at the clip of a mask. Such a scene enabled Shakespeare to utilize assorted images in Romeo’s description of Juliet thereby in the procedure puting Juliet as the direct mention and beginning of extensionality of all the objects within the room or of all the images used by the assorted individual’s take parting in the mask as touching to Juliet entirely. By mentioning to Juliet as a torch that burns bright in the dark. he specifies her as the direct beginning of life ( Shakespeare 54 ) . Such an case shows the mode in which Shakespeare used the imagination of darkness and visible radiation within the aforesaid play. It should be noted that the aforesaid imagination that specifies Romeo’s initial meaning of Juliet serves as an of import background for their initial brush. In their initial brush. Romeo uses spiritual metaphors. Romeo uses the images of the pilgrim and the saint wherein Romeo alludes to himself as the pilgrim in hunt of a saint [ Juliet ] . In the procedure of making this. Romeo entices Juliet to a buss. Rome provinces â€Å"let lips do what hands do / They pray: grant 1000. lest faith bend to despair† ( Shakespeare 57 ) . This initial brush between the two sets the parametric quantities of their relationship for the remainder of the play. It is of import to observe. that this usage of spiritual metaphor enables the sanctification of their love. By imputing deity upon their love and hence their relationship. the ulterior stoping of the drama is ab initio foreshadowed. Such a prefiguration is farther apparent if one considers that both the prologue. which alludes to th e tragic terminal of the play every bit good as Romeo’s initial profession of love. are in sonnet signifier. In this sense. Shakespeare enabled the connexion of their beginning every bit good as their terminal in both content every bit good as in poetic signifier. Such a connexion. nevertheless between the signifier and content evident in the aforesaid may be seen as straight contrary to the content and signifier of the ulterior subdivision of the drama. See for illustration. the aforesaid section’s relation to Act Two. Scene Six and Act Three. Scene One. In the former scene [ Act Two. Scene Six ] . Friar Laurence is depicted as organizing a spiritual brotherhood between Romeo and Juliet as he â€Å"incorporates two in one† ( Shakespeare 111 ) . In the ulterior scene. nevertheless. Romeo is depicted as murdering Tybalt thereby in the procedure enabling the societal division of both lovers. Such a division. nevertheless. bases in direct resistance to the spiritual brotherhood enabled by Friar Laurence. Both scenes. in this sense. depict cases of order and upset within the play. The former scene’s word picture of Romeo and Juliet’s brotherhood foreshadows the ulterior societal brotherhood between the two households. which is tantamount to the incorporation of two feuding households into a 1. The ulterior scene’s word picture of Romeo’s murder of Tybalt. on the other manus. stands as a accelerat or of the proceeding cases of upset within the play. Act Three. Scene One begins with the Mercutio’s brush with Tybalt. The brush. nevertheless. ended with the decease of Tybalt which replaces Romeo’s initial feelings of love thereby get downing â€Å"the suffering others must end† ( Shakespeare 123 ) . It is of import to observe that Mercutio’s decease was brought about under Romeo’s efforts of guaranting peace between Mercutio and Tybalt. In relation to this. it is besides of import to observe that Mercutio is neither a member of the Capulet’s nor the Montague’s. His decease may thereby be seen as brought about by the feud of both households. This is apparent in Mercutio’s concluding words. â€Å"A pestilence o’ both your houses! / They have worms’ meat of me. /I have it. and soundly excessively. / Your houses† ( Shakespeare 123 ) . The importance of Mercutio’s concluding words is apparent. if one considers that his words may function as a judgement. prognostication. every bit good as a expletive to both the Capulet’s and the Montague’s. In relation to this. it is besides of import to observe that his decease and his statements occur at the center of the play. It thereby serves as a turning point as it enables the drama’s alteration from a romantic comedy to that of a calamity. Furthermore. the calamity that ensues from Mercutio’s decease is apparent in the expatriate Romeo brought upon himself as a consequence of Tybalt’s decease. The paradox in the aforesaid state of affairs is apparent if one considers that Romeo’s failed to mind his initial advocate of patience on both Tybalt and Mercutio. The aforesaid subdivisions provide the witness with cases wherein order and upset are apparent in both the ocular images presented within the play every bit good as the order and upset evident in the development of the play itself. The play begins with the chorus informing the witnesss the â€Å"death-marked† love of Romeo and Juliet. Initially. the grounds for such prevarications in the luck of their households every bit good as their destiny. The paradox. nevertheless. is apparent if one considers that the characters within the narrative themselves seek their foretold destiny. Romeo. from the really beginning of the play notes his scruples sing the possibility of his â€Å"untimely death† . Alternatively of evading such a decease. Romeo pursues it through his love for Juliet. Juliet. herself. during the ulterior portion of the drama wishes for decease to come as a consequence of the trouble of their state of affairs. Juliet notes [ as she hears the necessity of Romeo’s expatriate ] that â€Å"if all else fails. myself have power to die† ( Shakespeare 173 ) . Furthermore. the paradox is apparent if one considers that the play depicted cases of decease and metempsychosis. An guiltless decease prophesied by the decease of a corrupt single [ Mercutio ] brought about the cleaning [ and therefore rebirth ] of a societal job [ evident in the feud between the Capulet’s and the Montague’s after the decease of both Romeo and Juliet ] . Order and upset. within the play. is thereby apparent in the cases wherein events of upset [ alteration ] such as the decease of both lovers enabled the fusion of both households and therefore the terminal of a greater signifier of upset. Shakespeare’s playRomeo and Juliet. in this sense. may be seen as stoping the aforesaid play with the synthesis of all signifiers of life through the decease of the young person. Plants Cited Shakespeare. William.The Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet.Eds. Barbara Mowat and Paul Werstine. New York: Washington Square Press. 1992.

Botoms Weave essays

Botom's Weave essays The play A Midsummer Nights Dream presents a wonderful contrast between reality and fantasy. A Midsummer Nights Dream gives us insight into mans conflict with rational versus emotional characteristics of human behavior. The City of Athens represents the logical side, with its flourishing government and society. The woods represent the wilder, irrational side where nothing seems to follow a normal path. The character of Bottom the weaver directly reflects these two worlds. He brings the rational and irrational elements of the play together in many ways. Bottom is definitely one of the most memorable characters in A Midsummer Nights Dream. First introduced to us in the casting of Pyramus and Thisbe (I.ii). Ready to take one anything that comes his way, Bottom tries to play every part in the play which is easily displayed when Bottom says: An I may hide my face, let me play Thisbe too. Ill speak in a monstrous little voice: Thisne Thisne!- Ah Pyramus, my lover dear, thy Thisbe dear and lady dear (I.ii). After demonstrating his spectacular ability to play Thisbe he moves on to the Lion as he bellows: Let me play the lion too. I will roar that I will do any mans hear good to hear me. I will roar that I will make the Duke say Let him roar again; let him roar again (I.ii.). No doubt about it, Bottom has complete confidence in his ability to go from one end of the emotional spectrum to the other. Perhaps he feels that playing only one role in the play will restrict him and he does not want to limit his talent to one specific part. This characteristic separates him from all the other characters. He does not want to feel restricted by anything or anyone. Here he gives us insight into his own personality and almost seems to mock those in love when he says: That will ask some tears in the true performing of it. I ...

A guide to the differences between UK and US English - Emphasis

A guide to the differences between UK and US English A guide to the differences between UK and US English According to playwright George Bernard Shaw, the UK and the US are ‘two countries divided by a common language’. We may not need translators to converse, but you can save potential embarrassment or confusion by learning some of the writing differences. Most UK-English speakers know that ‘colour’ (not ‘color’) and ‘centre’ (not ‘center’) are correct, but should it be ‘benefited’ or ‘benefitted’, ‘travelling’ or ‘traveling’, ‘recognise’ or ‘recognize’? You may not be able to rely on the spell check for the answer. Our UK and US English guide reveals the main differences between our use of punctuation, grammar, some vocabulary and spelling. Use it to discover what to do when the rules are not clear cut.

American CEOs Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

American CEOs - Research Paper Example This is because the public is concerned that unfair CEO compensation can lead to disproportionate distribution of wealth. This paper argues that outrageous CEO compensation can result in depriving the shareholders, force the workers to accept reduced pay and lead to an imbalance which could be unsustainable in the long run for the organization as well as for the shareholders. The different forms in which CEOs were compensated have evolved over the years. In the 1980s the CEO compensation comprised mainly of cash salary and bonus with only 30% CEOs being granted the stock options. By 1994 options became a major component comprising of 70% of the CEOs receiving new option grants (Core, Guay and Larcker, 2003). Stock options thus became a major component of the CEO equity incentives. Theories have been cited to explain the CEO pay packages but according to Otten (2208) the executive pay packages are set by â€Å"simple† economics. It is often believed that the CEOs need to be com pensated for the risks they take and hence the market forces set the packages. Qualified professionals are few and hence valuable. They have to be offered incentives as they take on additional risks for value-increasing decisions, it is argued. Compensation takes various forms such as bonuses, shares and option grants. In other words, Otten argues, they are paid by performance and based on experience and seniority. If CEO pay could boost firm performance then imbalance would not occur but there is no support in empirical studies that there is a link between corporate financial performance and executive pay. Professor Kaplan argues that CEOs are underpaid and their compensation is based on the stock performance of the company. Walsh (2008) counters this stating that it is difficult to ascertain whether the CEO has been paid for his own performance or for his predecessors. Besides, the stock prices are always industry-adjusted and do not reflect the actual performance of the company. Since compensation is based on level of seniority and qualifications, the CEOs take home much more money than an average American worker (Walsh, 2008). The disproportionate distribution of wealth is evident from the fact that in 1980 the CEO made 42 times the average worker’s salary. This ratio increased to 107 in 1990 and 525 in 2000. The top 1000 CEOs took home 7% of their sales in 2005 which collectively amounts to Bolivia’s GDP, says Walsh. The Director compensation at Enron was $380,619 in cash and stock, which was the seventh highest director remuneration at that time (Brick, Palmon & Wald, 2006). Locke (2008) contends that the average workers’ pay adjusted for inflation increased by only 4.3% while the CEO compensation increased by 298 percent. While the median US salary in 2008 was $36,140, the CEO of Washington Mutual earned $5.8 million; the CEO of Boeing earned $19 million while a Church Facilities Manager earned $42,000. The imbalance is further endo rsed by Baker and Fung (2002) who argue that the wages of workers have been declining since the 1980s while the CEO pay has been increasing. Even before taking into account the value of stock options and bonuses, the CEOs in the US received compensation that was twice as high as any other nation. There is no evidence that the CEOs of the US firms are more productive than the CEOs of other nations. The markets know that the true cost of CEO is deliberately hidden (Baker & Fung, 2002).

Security Analysis and Portfolio Management Research Paper

Security Analysis and Portfolio Management - Research Paper Example The current global financial crisis makes one industry performs better than the other. For the purpose of this report, the selected industry is food industry, because it is the largest industry in the United States. And its importance could never be underestimated. Hence, this industry would be analyzed using the factors highlighted below: 1. Industry life cycle: Azevedo et al (2004) explained clearly that US Food industry has a very long life cycle in the sense that since it began centuries ago, it has flourished from year to year. Food industry, as a matter of fact, is as old as human beings. 2. Past Sales: The past sales volume of the food industry in the United States is in the excess of 900 billion dollars a year (Nestle, 2003). And that volume increases every year with the introduction of new kinds of foods. The presence of convenience stores aids quick and easy sales of food in the United States. Convenience Stores like Wal-Mart and Costco have billions of dollars as their turnovers from food sales. 3. Permanence of industry: There is no doubt that as long as there are people on this earth to consume foods, food industry won’t go out of operation: it would collapse. And the development of new forms of food makes the industry to be constantly appealing to the customers. And since the pricing system in food industry is quite flexible, the industry could conveniently serve many classes of people in the society. What this statement means is that both the poor and the rich could afford to buy a corn, for instance, even though the quality of the corns they bought are different, because of different prices. Enactment of business laws: By making laws that could make the business activities in the sector of food industry, the US government provides a comfortable atmosphere for the industry to grow successfully. Farm subsidy: The United States is still one of the developed nations that offer some encouraging subsidies for farm products. Since

Physical Development Essay Example for Free

Physical Development Essay Primary school children, aged six to twelve years old, will undergo a variety of developmental changes, both physical and mental, and as teachers it is imperative that we both understand and accommodate the physical needs of students in the learning environment. To fully comprehend these changes, one must consider the actual physical changes that occur, in particular the development of motor skills, as well as how to accommodate the physical needs and development of students during their primary school years. Supplementary to these broader topics are the benefits of physical activity as well as the consequences of prolonged inactivity, and how a student’s physical development can either facilitate or restrict development in other areas. Children between the ages of 6 and 10 (referred to as ‘middle childhood’) will experience a plethora of physical developments. Firstly, they will steadily gain weight and height, though their basic body structure will remain unchanged. Children will also lose their 20 primary or ‘baby’ teeth, which will be replaced by permanent teeth. Some of the most significant skills children of this age will develop are motor skills. Motor skills refer to a learned sequence of movements that combine to create an efficient action in order to become proficient at a certain activity. These can be divided into two subcategories: ‘gross motor skills’ and ‘fine motor skills’. Gross motor skills are â€Å"large movements of the body that permit locomotion through and within the environment† (McDevitt Ormrod, 2010) and includes such skills as walking and swimming, while fine motor skills are â€Å"Small, precise movements of particular parts of the body, especially the hands† (McDevitt Ormrod, 2010), and include such skills as writing and drawing. In early childhood, humans rely largely on reflexive (that is, unlearned and involuntary) movement patterns, and thus are lacking fine motor skills. As they reach middle childhood, children develop voluntary movement patterns, and begin refining both their gross and fine motor skills, gaining proficiency in a variety of actions. Children increase the speed and coordination of their running, kicking and throwing, and become able to integrate these movements into sports and other structured play activities. They also make advances in their handwriting, becoming smaller and more consistent, and their drawings, supported by further cognitive development, become more detailed. Finally, the functions of the brain are enhanced in a number of ways. The two hemispheres of the brain develop into more unique sectors, and groups of regularly used neurons are cultivated. The process of myelination, ‘the growth of a fatty sheath around neurons that allows them to transmit messages more quickly’ (McDevitt Ormrod, 2010), continues, permitting swift and sustained learning. In order to accommodate and encourage student’s physical needs and developments, teachers should first and foremost always ensure that the learning area is safe. The classroom should constantly be checked for hazards, such as sharp edges on desks, loose flooring, or potentially dangerous substances, and teachers should ensure that â€Å"Rooms, bathrooms, and hallways are cleaned daily† (Wilford, 2006). Children should also be educated on how to recognise situations or objects that could harm them, and how to deal with them effectively. As young children are especially vulnerable to illness, it is particularly important to do everything possible to prevent it, by keeping the area clean and sanitizing surfaces, and teaching children sanitary practices, such as washing their hands after toileting. This is a vital area of education; should a child suffer from a serious illness for a long period of time, their physical development may be permanently mired, having serious consequences on their entire lives. It is also important that students have access to healthy and nutritious food at school, and learn about sound eating habits. Certain foods or lack thereof, have varying effects on students’ physical development, and should children be malnourished for an extended period of time, their development may be permanently stunted. A child who is malnourished is â€Å"more prone to infections† (Brewster and White, 2002) which â€Å"further impair (their) nutritional state by depressing (their) appetite and increasing the demand on his reserves of protein and energy† (Brewster and White, 2002), leading to further diminished rates of physical development. For these reasons, it is imperative that primary school students’ learning environment be kept as safe and healthy as possible, through the teacher’s ensuring that the classroom is hazard free and sanitized, and that the children have access to nutritious and healthy food, as well as educating the children so that they may implement such skills themselves. By doing this, educators can accommodate the physical needs and developments of their children, and maximise the effectiveness of their schooling, both physical and academic. During primary school, students are â€Å"at an optimal age in terms of motor skill learning† (Anshel, 1990), and thus motor skills develop rapidly, allowing them to perform skilled tasks. In order to help students develop these motor skills, it is important for teachers to incorporate physical activity into their curriculum. This assists in the development of both fine and gross motor skills. Firstly, they should provide frequent opportunities for students to participate in physical activity throughout the day; these activities would ideally allow the participation of children, regardless of their respective skill levels. For example, when guiding children through skipping rope, the teacher could at first have them use a long rope and simply step over the rope; children who find this easy could then try actual skipping. Should this prove relatively easy, they could skip at a faster pace, and children who showed proficiency at this higher level could try crossing the rope over while skipping. Educators can also integrate physical activity into academic lessons, which will not only shorten the length of time between physical activities, but also keep the students more engaged in the lesson. Conversely, it is also important to give students adequate time to rest. If they spend too much time exercising and overexert themselves, this will only lead to decreased concentration during the rest of their lessons, causing their performance to suffer. Additionally, children progressing through middle childhood still have relatively soft bones, so additional caution should be taken if they perform any high impact exercises, such as lifting heavy weights. To reiterate, young students’ physical development can be accommodated through the utilisation of physical activity at school, however this must be done in moderation, otherwise it may be detrimental to the child’s education and general wellbeing. Finally, educators should be aware of how a child’s physical development can assist with or hinder their development in other areas. For example, a child who has developed at a faster rate than their peers will likely be more proficient at sports, and the strengthened neuron pathways will increase the rate at which they learn and become proficient at academic subjects. The self-confidence this gives them may then be expressed through the child’s interest and application in school, which in turn will make their entire learning experience both easier and more pleasurable. Increased participation in both sport and academic activities will in turn make meeting and befriending other students easier, allowing the student to expand socially, again giving them a more positive outlook on school and further increasing their focus and determination to succeed physically and academically. On the other hand, students who have not physically developed as quickly as others in their year group may not perform as well in either academic or physical activities, and subsequently suffer from ‘learned helplessness’, a situation in which a child’s experience leads them to believe they will always fail, and thus they do not try, acting â€Å"as though they (are) helpless to do better† (U. S. Dep Education, 1992). This lack of confidence and learned helplessness can cause students to become â€Å"listless and inattentive and sometimes disruptive† (U. S. Dep Education, 1992), and â€Å"may be prevent (students) from fulfilling (their) potential† (Seligman, 1990). This is why it is essential to implement scaffolding into the learning environment, to support less physically developed students and assist them in succeeding, building their confidence. Therefore, it is important that teachers carefully monitor the progress of students individually, and provide support and encouragement appropriate to their developmental stage to facilitate the learning experience for them. Children completing their primary education will experience many new things; socially, mentally and physically. It is the role of teachers to make this experience as beneficial as possible, and a key element of doing so is the understanding of the physical developments they undergo during this time. To fully appreciate these developments, educators should consider the benefit of physical activity, as well as the consequences of prolonged inactivity, how a student’s physical development can assist with or hinder their development in other areas, motor development in children and how this is influenced, and finally how to accommodate and support the developments and needs of their students.

Rudyard Kipling :: Essays Papers

Rudyard Kipling Rudyard Kipling, born in Bombay, India, on December 30, 1865, made a significant contribution to English Literature in various genres including poetry, short story and novel. His birth took place in an affluent family with his father holding the post of Professor of Architectural Sculpture at the Bombay School of Art and his mother coming from a family of accomplished women. He spent his early childhood in India where an "aya" took care of him and where under her influence he came in direct contact with the Indian culture and traditions. His parents decided to send him to England for education and so at the young age of five he started living in England with Madam Rosa, the landlady of the lodge he lived in, where for the next six years he lived a life of misery due to the mistreatment - beatings and general victimization - he faced there. Due to this sudden change in environment and the evil treatment he received, he suffered from insomnia for the rest of his life. This played an im portant part in his literary imagination. His parents removed him from the Calvinistic foster home and placed him in a private school at the age of twelve. The English schoolboy code of honor and duty affected his views in later life, especially when it involved loyalty to a group or a team. Returning to India in 1882 he worked as a newspaper reporter and a part-time writer and this helped him to gain a rich experience of colonial life which he later presented in his stories and poems. In 1886 he published his first volume of poetry, "Departmental Ditties" and between 1887 and 1889 he published six volumes of short stories set in and concerned with the India he had come to know and love so well. When he returned to England he found himself already recognized and acclaimed as a brilliant writer. Over the immediately following years he published some of his best works including his most acclaimed poem "Recessional" and most famed novel "Kim". In 1907 Kipling won the Nobel prize in literature in consideration of the power of observation, originality of imagination, virility of ideas and remarkable talent for narration which characterized his writings.

Sebastien Faulks

Baulks' novel is very much a social commentary on the problem of war, and he uses many techniques throughout part one to foreshadow what is possibly the most notorious, famous and tragic events of the First World War: the Battle of the Some. With part one being located on the Some, It's hard to escape the underlying sense that It all points towards this battle, but when the family visit the water gardens, Baulks foreshadows this event In a number of ways.The first way In which he does this Is through his description of the abundance of them, more precisely: their hectic abundance seemed to him close to the vegetable fertilely of death'. Now, the Battle of the Some Is well documented for the loss of life as a result of It (over people died in total) and this reference to the word death, Is an Important link. As the Battle of the Some was famous for the amount of death that occurred.In the same paragraph, he says this: The brown waters were murky and shot through with the scurrying of rats from the banks where the earth had been dug out of trenches and held back by elaborate wooden boarding'. As you can probably guess, there are a few different parts of that that are a direct allusion to the Battle. The first of these is his mention of brown, murky waters. One of the biggest problems for soldiers serving in the trenches during all of these big battles was the lack of clean water for drinking, so this phrase, ‘brown waters were murky and shot through' is a perfect hint towards the Battle.Another one in this extract is his elaboration on the problem of rats in this part of the river. Rats were quite possibly the most problematic factor in trench airfare, be that in the Battle of the Some or elsewhere, and they carried with them disease, and also helped themselves to soldiers supplies. Now, seeing as they have been mentioned, it is possibly the most explicit example of foreshadowing to the Some, because they were such a huge and notorious problem.The third, an d possibly most obvious, reference from this extract is probably the last part, where he speaks of where the ‘earth had been dug out of trenches and held back by elaborate wooden boarding. The Battle of the Some epitomized trench warfare, it was the cost expansive use of trench warfare the world had ever seen, particularly as It was the longest battle of the First World War. As well as this reference to trenches, there is another similar one on the next page which reads, the rotting of matter Into the turned and dug earth'.Turned and dug earth Is an allusion to the changing of the ground and landscape that occurs when trenches are dug, so that Is another big reference to the Battle of the Some. In what way does Sebastian Baulks foreshadow the Battle of the Some in his ascription of the water gardens in Birdsong? By Adam_smiths 998 With part one being located on the Some, it's hard to escape the underlying sense that it all points towards this battle, but when the family visit the water gardens, Baulks foreshadows this event in a number of ways.The first way in which he does this is through his description of the abundance of them, more precisely: their hectic abundance seemed to him close to the vegetable fertility of death'. Now, the Battle of the Some is well documented for the loss of life as a result of it (over 1,000,000 people died in total) and this reference to the word death, is an important link, as the same paragraph, he says this: ‘The brown waters were murky and shot through with and held back by elaborate wooden boarding.As you can probably guess, there are a most expansive use of trench warfare the world had ever seen, particularly as it was there is another similar one on the next page which reads, the rotting of matter into the turned and dug earth'. Turned and dug earth is an allusion to the changing of the ground and landscape that occurs when trenches are dug, so that is another big

Abiotic and Biotic Factors Review

In time immemorial living things (the biotic factors) and non-living things have been interacting with one another for one reason, which is to survive. Both factors Interact in one grandiose community where-in all forms of ecosystems, such as: desert, savanna, tundra, tropical rain-forest, and the like; are deem to be found and this community Is our planet earth.As found In many textbooks and other science oriented reading materials, the earth Is also considered as an ecosystem as well because it has been a place where both non-living and living things coexist and intermingle with each other to set balance in planet earth because the absence of either the biotic or biotic factors, especially the biotic factors, would set a great impact to the hierarchy of living creatures. But ever wonder how these two factors work together to maintain equilibrium in this planet we live in?Biotic factors as mentioned earlier are the life forms composing an ecosystem like humans, animals, fungus, bact eria and viruses. Biotic factors also include the byproducts created by these living things such as excretes of human, animals and Insects, honey created by the bees, dry leaves that falls off the trees, and even these living things bodies as these creatures decay when they die. On the other hand Biotic factors are those things that are non-living yet contribute to sustain the lives of each and every living things that lives on land, water, and in air.Some samples of biotic factors are the atmosphere where fundamental gases needed by living organisms are found, the soil where we step on, the climate of an area, the four seasons (namely: winter, spring, summer, and fall the water we drink, pollutants, eight intensity, temperature, humidity, and etcetera. These two factors co-exist in an ecosystem in a way that one way or another both or one will benefit from each other and have a symbiotic relationship. From this symbiotic relation interaction of biotic factors and biotic factors hap pen.When we say relationship we talk about the bond between two or a group of anatomic or polyatomic matter. The word atom was used to emphasize that formation of bond doesn't only includes living matters because a relation can take lace also between living and non-living matters or even with both non-living matter where-in either one will only benefit or both will be bona fide beneficiaries in the process of surviving. Relationship of biotic and biotic factors may come in deferent ways.It can be in the form of mutuality where both suffice each other needs. Like for instance, the relationship of an explorer (a kind of bird) with a rhinoceros or a zebra. The explorer cleans the top of the rhinoceros or zebra and get rid of the lice's that rhino and refer have and In return the rhino or zebra provides food to the explorer because the dirt and Insects on top of them already serve as the birds food. Another form of relationship In an ecosystem Is commercialism where one organism benefit s from the other without harming it.An example if this is the interaction of sea anemones which commercialism relationship, the clownish is protected from their predators because the tentacles of the sea anemones keep these predators away from the clownish by stinging them. Other class of relationships are parasitism, where one benefits the there by harming the other organisms such as the relationship of human and tape worms, and nationalism in which one strives to survive by inhibiting or destroying the other specie but not harming it.Unlike commercialism, the relationship that takes place in an nationalism relationship are somehow mutual however in this relationship strong species are believed to survive over weak ones like when a herd of cows competes with a few number of horses in a grassland. In this scenario the greater number of species (in this case, the cows) will greatly consume almost all the odds (the grass) while the less number will have less of the hundred percent foo d.Noticed that the aforementioned relationships and examples involves interactions of biotic factors. How about the interaction of biotic and biotic factors? Wonder how these two intersects to built a bond? Apart from what we know about how biotic factors that these pertains to the non-living bodies of an ecosystem, involvement of biotic factors in maintaining balance to ecosystem is said to be very essential because without it the whole system would not become functional thus crushing whatever follows on the system.The reason behind this is that these biotic factors are the primary agent in sustaining life because they are the sources if energy of all the living bodies and they compliment with biotic factors in the formation of the food web. An example of this is the sun, sun is a non living body and the source of energy of every living body specially plants. Sunlight is needed by plants in manufacturing its food via the process if photosynthesis. Also other biotic factors such as water and air contributes to the process of photosynthesis.Later on this plant will be eaten by a at or other animals that are herbivorous or plant eater then this creature that has eaten the plant will then be eaten by another specie and transfer of energy takes place. Furthermore as the process of energy transfers ensues there will be a time that the last consumer who receives the least energy will be decomposed and turn into nutrients, which is also a biotic factor, and finally will be useful again for the manufacturing of foods for the plants then the whole cycle continues. This is how biotic and biotic factors interact to stabilize balance in an ecosystem.

Funny Quotes About Life

Funny Quotes About Life People have been pondering, debating, and writing about life for millennia. Sometimes, no matter the circumstances, humor can help with healing or understanding- and sometimes you just have to laugh. Its all about perspective. Alan Bennett Life is rather like a tin of sardines- were all of us looking for the key. Carl Sandburg Life is like an onion: You peel it off one layer at a time, and sometimes you weep. Charles Schulz My life has no purpose, no direction, no aim, no meaning, and yet Im happy. I cant figure it out. What am I doing right? Charlotte Bronte Life is so constructed that an event does not, cannot, will not, match the expectation. Elbert Hubbard Do not take life too seriously. You will never get out of it alive. Douglas Adams Life...is like a grapefruit. Its orange and squishy and has a few pips in it, and some folks have half a one for breakfast. Friedrich Nietzsche He who has a why to live can bear almost any how. Alice Roosevelt Longworth I have a simple philosophy: Fill whats empty. Empty whats full. Scratch where it itches. George Bernard Shaw Life does not cease to be funny when people die any more than it ceases to be serious when people laugh. Anatole French The average man does not know what to do with his life yet wants another one which will last forever. J.P. Getty â€Å"My formula for success is rise early, work late and strike oil.† T.S. Eliot â€Å"The journey, not the arrival, matters.† Ralph Waldo Emerson â€Å"Do not follow where the path may lead, go instead where there is no path and leave a trail.† Winston Churchill If you are going through hell, keep going. Douglas Adams â€Å"There is a theory which states that if ever anyone discovers exactly what the Universe is for and why it is here, it will instantly disappear and be replaced by something even more bizarre and inexplicable. There is another theory which states that this has already happened.† Mark Twain Age is an issue of mind over matter. If you dont mind, it doesnt matter. Ray Kroc Luck is a dividend of sweat. The more you sweat, the luckier you get. Mahatma Gandhi   There is more to life than increasing its speed.   Maya Angelou   Ive learned that you can tell a lot about a person by the way (s)he handles these three things: a rainy day, lost luggage, and tangled Christmas tree lights.   Abraham Lincoln   Everyone desires to live long, but no one would be old. Mother Teresa   I know God will not give me anything I cant handle. I just wish He didnt trust me so much. Robert Louis Stevenson Dont judge each day by the harvest you reap, but by the seed that you plant. W. Somerset Maugham Its a funny thing about life; if you refuse to accept anything but the best, you very often get it.  Ã‚   Mark Twain â€Å"All you need in this life is  ignorance and confidence, and then  success is sure.† Voltaire â€Å"Life is a shipwreck but we must not forget tossing in the lifeboats.† Sydney Harris â€Å"When I hear somebody sigh,  Life is hard, I am always tempted to ask, ‘Compared to what?† Terry Pratchett â€Å"Wisdom comes from experience. Experience is often a result of lack of wisdom.† Jim Harrison â€Å"The simple act of opening a bottle of wine has brought more happiness to the human race than all the collective governments in the history of earth.† W.H. Auden â€Å"We are all here on earth to help others; what on earth the others are here for I don’t know.† Abraham Lincoln â€Å"The best thing about the future is that it comes one day at a time.† Bernard Baruch â€Å"Be who you are and say what you feel, because those who mind don’t matter and those who matter don’t mind.† Dalai Lama â€Å"If you think you are too small to make a difference, try sleeping with a mosquito.† Dorothy Parker â€Å"The cure for boredom is curiosity. There is no cure for curiosity.† Douglas Adams â€Å"Human beings, who are almost unique in having the ability to learn from the experience of others, are also remarkable for their apparent disinclination to do so.† George W. Bush â€Å"To those of you who received honors, awards, and distinctions, I say, Well done. And to the C students, I say you, too, can be president of the United States.†

Amity Centre for eLearning Essay Example for Free

Amity Centre for eLearning Essay Mr. Sreenivas (55) working as manager in Alfa Chemicals, a large scale industrial establishment engaged in the production of Phosphate and Sulphur. He has 30 years of experience in Alfa Chemicals. He has an excellent track record as Manager Human Resources within the organization. Many times he got ‘best  employer award’ to performance excellence. His area of expertise in recruitment and selection process, and performance appraisal has been widely acknowledged. The Information Technology division of Alfa Chemicals industry once faced acute shortage of manpower. Mr. Raj, Manager IT division put forward an immediate requirement of 10 employees in the IT division, to HR department, starting from junior level to senior level. As and when Mr. Sreenivas got the letter from Mr. Raj, in his department, he started processing of it. To get it done, he approached many sources. He had gone through the data bank of company and considered 100 resumes for recruitment from it. He also informed the employees and employers of the organization, in their respective departmental notice board, showing the immediate requirement of 10 employees to facilitate the internal recruitment procedures. From the employees and employers of Alfa Chemicals he got around 150 applications with resumes. In addition to that in order to give an opportunity to candidates’ external to the organization he floated an advertisement in several daily news papers viz., Times of India, Sakal, and Indian Express. From external sources he got around 350 applications. Almost 600 candidates, including internal and external applicants, applied for 10 vacant posts. To ensure the reliability and dependability of the process, Sreenivas made his personal scrutiny at all levels, in the recruitment and selection process. Since the entire department function as a team in HR, all the members trust each other and extended their valuable contribution in the recruitment and selection. The department conducted a preliminary interview in order to made first  screening process and filter the number of applicants. After the first screening process the HR department reduced the number of applicant list from 600 to 500 applicants. He conducted a written test and group discussion and there by further reduces the number of applicants to 300. These 300 candidates then exposed to one hour psychometric test and out of which 50 candidates selected for the final interview. From the final interview, 10 candidates finally selected. The entire process of recruitment and selection took almost 3 months. The selected candidates list then forwarded to the top management for the final approval. HR department informed the candidates that the appointment letters will be sent to those who are selected for the post. Sreenivas approached several time to the top management about to get final approval of list of candidates for the IT department. Sreenivas informed the IT department also that the delay in the final list announcement as the top  management take some more time. He waited almost 4 weeks. But, no reply at all. Mr. Raj, the IT manager every day enquired about the latest information about the final list of the candidates and tentative date of induction. Sreenivas faced the difficulty to make any comment on the subject as there was no information from the top management. HR department had to answer many phone calls from out side and inside the organization, as recruitment involved candidates from inside and outside. The employers and employees of the industry, whose relatives got into the final selection process, became regular visitors of the HR department, asking for the finalist. Sreenivas called a meeting of HR team members and once again made a close verification of the entire process. But he couldn’t find any fault in any of the recruitment and selection process. As the time went on he became more suspicious about the delay in the announcement of the result. When the problem becomes so crucial Sreenivas got direction from the top management to meet Mr. Kartik, General Manager, one of the top officials in the organization. Mr.Kartik asked the entire process of recruitment and selection that made on IT professionals. Sreenivas furnished the entire details of the process in a precise report. Mr. Kartik read the entire  report and soon after made a direct comment that the recruitment and selection process that for IT professionals need to be cancelled as he observed some discrepancies in the process made by his department. He further directed Sreenivas that the vacancies have to be filled through contract basis and no permanent vacancies to be made in these positions, for one year. Further he informed Sreenivas that another recruitment process to be done from external candidates applied and no internal application to be entertained. Sreenivas couldn’t agree with the Mr. Kiran comment on his department’s inefficiency in the recruitment and selection process. For a while he thought about quitting the organization, as he faced a baseless allegation from the top management. Till date there is no black mark in his functional dissemination. On many occasion he helped the industry to find out best possible solutions in order to tackle the many manpower crisis. Sreenivas became so depressed and felt quiet unhappy about the decision taken by the management. Mr. Sreenivas called an urgent meeting of his subordinates and communicated the management decision and directives. He shared with the team members that the management had greater dissatisfaction on the recruitment and selection process done by the department. He enquired that any one made any mistake in the  process. All members denied the probability of any mistake. As there were clear norms and regulations related to each step and there was no dual command, they found no possibility of creeping errors in the selection process. In the meeting he informed his subordinates that the management freezes the appointment process for IT professionals and asked for external recruitment on contract basis. It was shocking news to members. They asked several questions to get a proper clarification from Sreenivas. As Mr. Sreenivas himself unaware of the reasons behind management decision, he informed his subordinate his inability to give a proper reply in this regard. Sreenivas also informed this matter to Mr. Raj. During the evening hours, in the same day, Sreenivas got a call from Mr. George, one of his senior-level Managers, with whom he had friendly and informal relationship. Mr. George asked Srinivas to come to his cabin. As per the call Mr.  Sreenivas met George in his cabin. George enquired about his family and many unofficial matters in the informal interaction. Half an hour later, Mr. George enquired about the recruitment and selection process of IT professionals. He shared with George all those things happened with top management. Leaving aside the informal interaction, George initiated formal discussion with Sreenivas. He told Sreenivas that the selected list of IT professionals consisted two names, Mr. Avdesh and Mr. Praveen, they are the relatives of two trade union leaders of the organization. The management felt that being the relatives of two trade union leaders, in the long run, they could be a threat to organization. It may create an image that the trade unions still have a control over the decision making process in organization. Further, the hold of trade union may expand if this selection process materializes. Mr. Geroge informed Sreenivas that management didn’t have any doubt about the dependability and exactness of the recruitment processes that HR departmentr did. George further informed Sreenivas that as per the intimation from top management he called Mr. Sreenivas and briefed about the undercurrents of this episode. The entire news was shocking to Mr. Sreenivas. He didn’t know that the management decision had this much of undercurrents. After hearing entire story Sreenivas become so silent and returned to his cabin. While sitting inside his cabin, he made a silent comment that, â€Å"what a useless effort. Questions 1. What are the undercurrents of selection process in Alfa Chemicals? 2. How management decision justifies management effort in the maintenance of harmonious industrial relation? 3. Do you believe that as HR Manager, Mr. Sreenivas failed to gather direct and indirect information about the candidates? 4. How ‘cancellation of appointment’ decision that affect the moral of organizational members? 5. How you interpret the dilemma of HR managers have to face in such kind of situations. 6. What would be your decision if you have to face such situation? 7. Do you believe that trade unions have ‘quota’ in appointments? 8. How the decision affect the reduction of wastages and improvement of resources. 9. Is the decision reflecting management fear towards trade union or inability to develop a congenial industrial relationship within the organization? 10. How you interpret the silence of Mr. Sreenivas? Amity Centre for eLearning. (2016, Jun 02). We have essays on the following topics that may be of interest to you

Climate Anomalies for a Particular Region Essay

Climate Anomalies for a Particular Region - Essay Example The waves are disturbed by two forcing, namely, Orographic forcing and Thermal forcing. Orographic forcing, more relevant in northern hemisphere owing to dominating surface topography with Rocky Mountain and Tibetan plateau, relates to planetary waves generated due to the compression and expansion of air columns, leading to vortex stretching which can be balanced by the vorticity advection (Dickinson, 1978). Thermal forcing, varying with seasonal change in thermal effect, relates to generation of planetary waves by the adiabatic heating and cooling due to rising and sinking air motions; this maybe balanced by temperature advection (Ashe, 1987). In the subsequent paragraphs we shall examine climate anomalies for a particular region in the context of the large scale hemispheric wave pattern with a multiple objective to firstly, convert temperature and precipitation data, obtained from the Plymouth University Portal, into appropriate graphs, secondly, discuss and compare the seasons wit h reference to the hemispheric flow and lastly, discuss the possible reason for the variation in the temperature and precipitation on temporal and spatial scales. Examination of the climate anomalies involved collection of temperature and precipitati... This was followed by statistical analysis of the data which included determination of mean temperature and standard deviation for the four regions. The monthly hemispheric charts were plotted with the help of NOAA's Climate Diagnostics Centre following the link, http://www.cdc.noaa.gov/cdc/dtat.ncep.reanalysis.derived.html. Following steps are required for obtaining the plot:- When the above link opens Click on 'Pressure level Data'. The page automatically moves down. Now click on the 'Geo-potential height'. This should open a new page, scroll down and Click on 'make plot (Monthly Mean)'. To improve the chart quality, adhere to following details:- Select latitude between 20 and 90N, Select 500 mb and Select suitable dates (from, to). Now, select 'Plot' on white background, Polar stereographic and Remove Colour Plot. Finally click on Create Plot. Figure 1: Map of Europe, Source: Praxis network, 2007 The results were obtained place-wise, for four different regions, for summer and winter seasons. All graphs show the average monthly temperature or precipitation during a season. The data has been taken from the following regions (also marked in Figure 1 above):- Station Elevation (m) Latitude Longitude Toulouse 152 43.60 N 1.40 E Edinburgh 41 55.95 N 3.35 W Alborg 13 57.10 N 9.87 E Helsinki 53 60.30 N 25.00 E Table 1: Region Coordinates Final Results Figure 2: shows the average summer temperature for the period 1951-1991 for all stations Toulouse The average summer temperature graph shows the average maximum temperatures recorded in Toulouse from 1951 to 1991. The highest average temperature of 21.9 C was recorded in Toulouse in the summer of 1990 while lowest

Attacking Child Poverty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Attacking Child Poverty - Essay Example 1). Marshall suggests that the USA ignores the issue of childhood poverty when announcing its economic achievements, and when comparing these achievements to other capitalist nations. However, the rapidly increasing rate of childhood poverty in the USA is breaking with stereotypes of the situation. For example, regardless of ethnicity, White, Black and Latino figures are increasing at a similar rate (Sherman, , p.2). Also, there appears to be more incidence of childhood poverty amongst suburban and rural children than those in metropolitan areas (Sherman, ). The thesis statement for this paper is: Child welfare policies are outdated lacking a pro-social approach to prevent poverty. This paper will present a synthesis of articles that critique policies targeting childhood poverty, and will provide an analysis of those policies and the recommendations put forward by the articles. Firstly, a definition of poverty will be presented. Secondly, USA policies aimed at halting childhood poverty will be assessed. Next, recommendations to change the situation of childhood poverty the will be outlined and evaluated. Finally, a conclusion shall show how this review and critique has answered the thesis statement. The definition of poverty as decided by the government of the USA is set by the Census Bureau and considers the income of families with children and their size, with adjustments for consumer inflation (Sherman, ). For example, a family of four is believed to be living in poverty if the family income is less than $14 335 per year; for a family of two their income would need to be less than $ 9 137 per year to be thought of as living in poverty (Sherman, , p. 1). Hence, other industrialized nations appear to have less distance between their socio-economic classes and this enables their poor to maintain a higher standard of living as compared to those in poverty in the USA. The child welfare system appears to lack

Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 47

Personal Statement Example This was a trial for me on whether I could handle the PA career and most of all whether it was really what I wanted to do when I grew up. As a medical assistant, I got to perform services that a PA performs under direct supervision from the medical doctors I was working for and this got me really interested in this line of work. I had the opportunity to carry out what I had grown to love which was to help people and make them feel better as well as putting smiles on their faces even though they were physically unwell. I became a volunteer at the American Red Cross as well as at the Veteran’s Foundation after my job. This was propelled by the suffering I had witnessed in Iraq as well as it was another experience for me to be a PA. Being a volunteer meant I now had an opportunity to assist people through providing therapeutic and preventive services no matter how minimal an impact I made. The satisfaction from seeing the smile on people’s faces who had been suffering health wise before made me go to bed happy and satisfied which was a rare occurrence for me. My final journey towards making the decision and following my passion came when my mother had to undergo an open heart surgery. There was a team of physical assistants on the table with the doctor assisting him with everything and this sealed the deal for me. I was determined more than ever to join this career and fulfill my dreams and seeking admission into this program is the deal breaker. I would like to specialize and focus primarily on urgent care as I will be handling people without primary care physicians or those who are too scared to visit emergency rooms but they would still like remedies for their injuries or illnesses that are not too serious. This line of specialization is appealing because it is what I have learnt and gained experience on from volunteering at the Red Cross. Being granted this

The Failure Of Business Process Reengineering Commerce Essay

The Failure Of Business Process Reengineering Commerce Essay Let us start with a little history. In 1990, Business Process re-engineering emerged as a concept for integrating information technology into business processes with a cross functional perspective (Childe, Maull Bennett, 1994, pp.22). Hammer and Champy(2001, p.35) on the other hand according to their famous book defined business process reengineering (BPR) as the fundamental rethinking and radical redesign of business processes to achieve dramatic improvements in critical contemporary measure of performance such as cost, quality, service and speed. BPR take in the methodologies, techniques from Information systems analysis, management, behaviour of the organisation and communication (Al-Hudhaif, 2009, pp.184). The pressure to meet expectations of customer is growing at a fast rate and Ronald tell us that the need for complete change is the way we work (as cited in Magutu, Nyamwange Kaptoge, 2010).The total quality management (TQM) is found to be used to manage system cost according to quality requirements and a discrete event simulation is used to perform process reengineering and process improvement (Borgianni, Cascini Rotini, 2008, 305-306). Hypothesis: For this essay, we have developed the below hypothesis Hypothesis 1: Resistant to change will is one of the top failure factors that lead to the failure of implementing of BPR since BPR is all about implementing dramatic changes. Business Process Reengineering Research: Various essay and studies estimated that about 70% failed to achieve the remarkable result that was intended (Hammer Champy, 2001, pp.221; Chamberlin, 2010, pp.14). It is due to the high failure rate that we need to investigate on it failure factors to identify why it failed. Elmuti and Kathawala (2000, pp.34) came out with the list of 10 failure factors that lead to BPR failure from a survey conducted. This survey was derived from the 24 organisations which were mentioned that they failed in BPR implementation out of the 146 questionnaires returned from the 500 questionaries sent out to organisations throughout the United States. The 10 failure factors are shown in figure 1. Figure 1: Failure factors that may contribute to business reengineering (Elmuti Kathawala, 2000). I would be discussing on the first 3 failure factors on the above figure 1 as Hammer and Champy(2001) on the other hand have another set of failure factors which in my opinions are more interesting to share. BPR failure factors: Inadequate understanding of business reengineering ( Elmuti Kathawala, 2000, pp.34) : You can understand something but you dont have to lead but you cant lead something you dont understand. Of the 24 organisations, 78 percentages of them saw business reengineering as a mass chaos where there were no clear directions or clear solutions to many of the organisation problems. Hammer and Champy(2001, pp.229) further supported that by stated that in order to succeed un BPR, only one who is capable of thinking about the entire value added chain from production to sales and service can take the lead in the reengineering attempt and not just any senior management who has no clue on what is BPR. Lack of an successful methodology to take on the reengineering plan( Elmuti Kathawala, 2000, pp.34) Having a detailed methodology allow the organisation to know how it is suppose to start implementing BPR (Elmuti Kathawala, 2000, pp.34). Carr and Johansson (1995, pp.86) stated that two third of the companies that surveyed used a structured framework or what they termed it as methodology. Carr and Johansson(1995, pp.86) informed that a methodoloy is 60 percent designed by a outside consultant, 20 percent developed in house and 20 percent a combination of consultant and in house. The advantage of an in house methodology is that it will present ideas that the employees are familiar with and easier to follow. An example of an methodology with regard to Aetna(Carr Johansson, 1995, pp.87) includes methods for below: Project Selection Project planning which needs requirements for: Defining a mission Defining critical success factors Internal and external scans Defining gaps today and predicting gaps to be filled in the future Objectives on what will be delivered , to whom and why Steps to be taken Team formation Project management done by a reengineering team A successful methodologies as stated by Carr and Johansson(1995, pp.87) is shown as below: A Successful BPR Framework Incorporates change management Provides for organisation communications Allow for radical change Prescribes clearly defined goal/ targets Provides a variety of tools to be used throughout processes as necessary Plans for customer/supplier input Integrates IT Is flexible enough to be tailored to the organisation needs. Lack of leadership support and low participation( Elmuti Kathawala, 2000, pp.34) Farina Group was one such organisation that has lack of higher management support that the business reengineering was abandoned (Newman Zhao, 2008, p.413). The top management from Farina apparently didnt want to change the business processes that are current existing when BPR is being implemented. Try to renovate a process instead of altering it (Hammer Champy, 2001, pp.222): Hammer and Champy(2001, pp.222) stated that the most conspicuous way to fail is to not reengineer at all but conducting process changes and called it reengineering. The IBM Credit Corporation is such example that used to do it this way and failed before they finally change for the better. They first tried to automate their existing process which enabled them to commit to computer software instead of the previous offline system. This did not balance the work load to minimise wait times which they intend to. After changing the whole process by using queuing theory and linear programming techniques, they finally were able to solve the whole problem. Dont focus on business processes(Hammer Champy, 2001, pp.223) BPR should look in on business processes and nothing else. This is due to organisations is only as efficient as it business processes (Hammer Champy, 2001, pp.223). An U.S subsidiary of major European company was one such example that failed in such a case by not defining the architecture of the work processes (Hammer Champy, 2001, pp.224). Cardarelli, Ritu Mohan(1998) also supported by saying that management must focus on the process and not event to make sure that the redesigned process affects the strategy positively now and into the future. Neglect peoples values and beliefs(Hammer Champy, 2001, pp.225) Hammer and Champy(2001, pp.225) stated that when radical changes occurs, there must be a form of rewarding mechanism that cultivate the employees to exhibit the right behaviours to changes. Ford and DRG are examples stated by Hammer and Champy to successfully adapt to such changes. Allow current corporate cultures and management attitudes to prevent reengineering from starting(Hammer Champy, 2001, pp.228) Hammer and Champy(2001, pp.228) stated that a company cultural characteristics can support or defeat a reengineering effort before it begin. They shared that companies that focus on short terms quarterly results may find it hard to be successful to reengineering longer horizons. Bias against conflict in organisation may feel uncomfortable challenging long established old rules. Make reengineering happen from bottom up: (Hammer Champy, 2001, pp.228) Hammer and Champy(2001, pp.228) stated that reengineering will never happen from bottom to top. Hammer and Champy(2001, pp.229) put it to two reasons on they are frontline employees and middle managers are unable to initiate and implement a successful reengineering effort. The first reason is that the push for reengineering must come from the top of an organisation as people near the front line lack the broad perspective that reengineering demands. Their expertise is largely bound to the individual functions and departments that they stay in. The second reason is that any business process will cross organisational boundaries and no midlevel managers will have the sufficient authority to insist on a process to be transformed. Furthermore, some of the affected middle managers will fear that major changes to existing processes might kill off their own power or authority. These managers have much invested in the existing ways of doing things and the future of the company may compromise t heir own career interests. They will fear changes and if radical changes threaten to bubble up, they may resist it. Only Strong leadership from above will induce people to accept the transformation changes. Bury reengineering in the middle of the corporate agenda(Hammer Champy, 2001, pp.230) Hammer and Champy(2001, pp.231) stated that if organisations do not put reengineering at the top of their agenda, they will never get it done. They mentioned that without constant managerial concern, the natural tendency of doing what people pretty much want will be reverted back. This will result BPR to fail altogether. Dissipate energy across a great many reengineering projects(Hammer Champy, 2001, pp.231) Hammer and Champy(2001, pp.231) stated that reengineering requires companies to concentrate their efforts on small number of processes at any given time. This is for example if customer service, research and development and sales processes all need radical redesign and nothing will really happen if all of them are done simultaneously. Attempt to reengineer when the CEO is two years from retirement(Hammer Champy, 2001, pp.231) Hammer and Champy(2001, pp.231) stated here that the CEO is the head of the business. If any organisation attempts to reengineer when the CEO is one or two years away from retiring may take a dim and unenthusiastic view to reengineering. They stated that this is because a retiree may not want to deal with such complex issues that will constraint a successor. Another problem raised by them is that when CEO is about to retire, contenders for that post will want to focus on impressing rather than doing reengineering which could hinder their advancement such as reengineering. Pull out when people start to resist to reengineering changes making(Hammer Champy, 2001, pp.233) Hammer and Champy(2001, pp.233) stated that people almost would resist to change. It is in a human trait to resist major changes. When managers are face to resistant and do not press on, it is almost likely that BPR will fail. Drag the effort out(Hammer Champy, 2001, pp.234) Hammer and Champy(2001, pp.234) stated that reengineering is known to be a stressful job for everyone. Stretching it over a long period will discomfort start to surface. Normally 1 year should be enough for a company to move from articulation of a case for action to the first release of a reengineered process. Taking longer and people may become frustrated and the reengineering will fall apart. Conclusion: Based on the research on the failure factors of BPR, we could conclude that our hypothesis is not fully correct. It is found in the survey by Elmuti Kathawala(2000) that non understanding of BPR as the top factors leading to failure. Resistant to changes has become ranked as number 5. Which allow me to come to a conclusion that although BPR is about dramatic changes, it is not necessary classified as the main factor for failure in the BPR implementation.